定义

组合模式（Composite Pattern），又叫部分整体模式，是用于把一组相似的对象当作一个单一的对象。组合模式依据树形结构来组合对象，用来表示部分以及整体层次。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它创建了对象组的树形结构。

实现

我们有一个类 Employee，该类被当作组合模型类。CompositePatternDemo，我们的演示类使用 Employee 类来添加部门层次结构，并打印所有员工。

组合模式的 UML 图

步骤 1创建 Employee 类，该类带有 Employee 对象的列表。Employee.javaimport java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class Employee {   private String name;   private String dept;   private int salary;   private List
     
       subordinates;   //构造函数   public Employee(String name,String dept, int sal) {      this.name = name;      this.dept = dept;      this.salary = sal;      subordinates = new ArrayList
      
       ();   }   public void add(Employee e) {      subordinates.add(e);   }   public void remove(Employee e) {      subordinates.remove(e);   }   public List
       
         getSubordinates(){     return subordinates;   }   public String toString(){      return ("Employee :[ Name : "+ name       +", dept : "+ dept + ", salary :"      + salary+" ]");   }   }步骤 2使用 Employee 类来创建和打印员工的层次结构。CompositePatternDemo.javapublic class CompositePatternDemo {   public static void main(String[] args) {      Employee CEO = new Employee("John","CEO", 30000);      Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert","Head Sales", 20000);      Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel","Head Marketing", 20000);      Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura","Marketing", 10000);      Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob","Marketing", 10000);      Employee salesExecutive1 = new Employee("Richard","Sales", 10000);      Employee salesExecutive2 = new Employee("Rob","Sales", 10000);      CEO.add(headSales);      CEO.add(headMarketing);      headSales.add(salesExecutive1);      headSales.add(salesExecutive2);      headMarketing.add(clerk1);      headMarketing.add(clerk2);      //打印该组织的所有员工      System.out.println(CEO);       for (Employee headEmployee : CEO.getSubordinates()) {         System.out.println(headEmployee);         for (Employee employee : headEmployee.getSubordinates()) {            System.out.println(employee);         }      }        }}步骤 3验证输出。Employee :[ Name : John, dept : CEO, salary :30000 ]Employee :[ Name : Robert, dept : Head Sales, salary :20000 ]Employee :[ Name : Richard, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]Employee :[ Name : Rob, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]Employee :[ Name : Michel, dept : Head Marketing, salary :20000 ]Employee :[ Name : Laura, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]Employee :[ Name : Bob, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]```